SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

· Excessive daytime sleepiness, especially in the afternoon or evening, and typically not relieved by naps. These episodes may occur while on the job or while at the wheel, leading to work accidents and motor vehicle crashes

· Snoring (typically loud, with intermittent pauses and explosive episodes)

· Choking or gasping during sleep, waking up with a sensation of being unable to breathe

· Apneic episodes (cessation of breathing during sleep). These episodes, which can be observed by a bed partner, typically last from 10 to 30 seconds, but may last as long as a minute or more.

· Nocturia: waking up with the urge to urinate, often two or more times per night; in children, bedwetting may occur nightly with severe sleep apnea

· Persistent fatigue, waking up unrefreshed

· Morning headaches

· Bruxism (tooth grinding)

· GERD (gastroesophageal reflux)

· Sexual dysfunction

· Memory and concentration difficulties

· Impaired school and work performance

· Mood disorders, irritability, depression